The Relationship Between Intestinal Microbiota And The Central Nervous System In Normal Gastrointestinal Function And Disease
Although many people are aware of the communication that occurs between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system, fewer know about the ability of the central nervous system to influence the microbiota or of the microbiota’s influence on the brain and behaviour. Within the GI tract, the microbiota have a mutually beneficial relationship with their host that maintains normal mucosal immune function, epithelial barrier integrity, motility, and nutrient absorption.
Disruption of this relationship alters GI function and disease susceptibility. Animal studies suggest that perturbations of behaviour, such as stress, can change the composition of the microbiota; these changes are associated with increased vulnerability to inflammatory stimuli in the GI tract. The mechanisms that underlie these alterations are likely to involve stress-induced changes in GI physiology that alter the habitat of enteric bacteria. Furthermore, experimental perturbation of the microbiota can alter behaviour, and the behaviour of germ-free mice differs from that of colonized mice. Gaining a better understanding of the relationship between behaviour and the microbiota could provide insight into the pathogenesis of functional and inflammatory bowel disorders.
Preidis, GA, Versalovic,J Targeting the Human Microbiome With Antibiotics, Probiotics, and Prebiotics: Gastroenterology Enters the Metagenomics Era Gastroenterology – May 2009 (Vol. 136, Issue 6, Pages 2015-2031, DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.01.072) View Abstract
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Keywords:bacteria, brain axis, gut, immune, probiotics
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The immune system is prone to the same grave misfortunes as any defense system handling weapons: collateral damage that comes with the destruction of the enemy on one’s own territory and friendly fire due to mistaken identity. Whereas the collateral damage is the price we pay for clearance of infections, autoimmunity is a pathological process. Nevertheless, the effector mechanisms involved in both processes are the same. Whether environment can be a cause, a trigger or an amplifier of an autoimmune disease are questions that are being intensively investigated.
